Nia-Chrom

Generic Name: chromium supplement (Oral route, Parenteral route)

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Amino-CR


• Chromacaps


• Chromate


• Chromax


• M2 Chromium


• Nia-Chrom

Available Dosage Forms:

• Tablet


• Capsule


• Capsule, Liquid Filled

Uses For Nia-Chrom

Chromium supplements are used to prevent or treat chromium deficiency.

The body needs chromium for normal growth and health. For patients who are unable to get enough chromium in their regular diet or who have a need for more chromium, chromium supplements may be necessary. They are generally taken by mouth but some patients may have to receive them by injection. Chromium helps your body use sugar properly. It is also needed for the breakdown of proteins and fats.

Lack of chromium may lead to nerve problems and may decrease the body's ability to use sugar properly.

There is not enough evidence to show that taking chromium supplements improves the way your body uses sugar (glucose tolerance).

Injectable chromium is given by or under the supervision of a health care professional. Other forms are available without a prescription.

Importance of Diet

For good health, it is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet. Follow carefully any diet program your health care professional may recommend. For your specific dietary vitamin and/or mineral needs, ask your health care professional for a list of appropriate foods. If you think that you are not getting enough vitamins and/or minerals in your diet, you may choose to take a dietary supplement.

Chromium is found in various foods, including brewer's yeast, calf liver, American cheese, and wheat germ.

The daily amount of chromium needed is defined in several different ways.

• For U.S.—


• Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are the amount of vitamins and minerals needed to provide for adequate nutrition in most healthy persons. RDAs for a given nutrient may vary depending on a person's age, sex, and physical condition (e.g., pregnancy).


• Daily Values (DVs) are used on food and dietary supplement labels to indicate the percent of the recommended daily amount of each nutrient that a serving provides. DV replaces the previous designation of United States Recommended Daily Allowances (USRDAs).

• For Canada—


• Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) are used to determine the amounts of vitamins, minerals, and protein needed to provide adequate nutrition and lessen the risk of chronic disease.

Because a lack of chromium is rare, there is no RDA or RNI for it. Normal daily recommended intakes for chromium are generally defined as follows:

• Infants and children—
  
  • Birth to 3 years of age—10 to 80 micrograms (mcg) a day.
  
  
  • 4 to 6 years of age—30 to 120 mcg a day.
  
  
  • 7 to 10 years of age—50 to 200 mcg a day.
  
  


• Adolescents and adults—50 to 200 mcg a day.

Before Using Nia-Chrom

If you are taking a dietary supplement without a prescription, carefully read and follow any precautions on the label. For these supplements, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to medicines in this group or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Problems in children have not been reported with intake of normal daily recommended amounts.

Geriatric

Problems in older adults have not been reported with intake of normal daily recommended amounts.

Pregnancy

It is especially important that you are receiving enough vitamins and minerals when you become pregnant and that you continue to receive the right amount of vitamins and minerals throughout your pregnancy. The healthy growth and development of the fetus depend on a steady supply of nutrients from the mother. However, taking large amounts of a dietary supplement during pregnancy may be harmful to the mother and/or fetus and should be avoided.

Breast Feeding

It is important that you receive the right amounts of vitamins and minerals so that your baby will also get the vitamins and minerals needed to grow properly. However, taking large amounts of a dietary supplement while breast-feeding may be harmful to the mother and/or baby and should be avoided.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of dietary supplements in this class. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus—Taking chromium supplements when you have a chromium deficiency may cause a change in the amount of insulin you need.

Proper Use of chromium supplement

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain chromium supplement. It may not be specific to Nia-Chrom. Please read with care.

Dosing

The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For oral dosage forms (capsules and tablets):
  
  • To prevent deficiency, the amount taken by mouth is based on normal daily recommended intakes:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—50 to 200 micrograms (mcg) per day.
    
    
    • Children 7 to 10 years age—50 to 200 mcg per day.
    
    
    • Children 4 to 6 years of age—30 to 120 mcg per day.
    
    
    • Children birth to 3 years of age—10 to 80 mcg per day.
    
    
  
  
  • To treat deficiency:
    
    • Adults, teenagers, and children—Treatment dose is determined by prescriber for each individual based on severity of deficiency.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

If you miss taking chromium supplements for one or more days there is no cause for concern, since it takes some time for your body to become seriously low in chromium. However, if your health care professional has recommended that you take chromium, try to remember to take it as directed every day.

Storage

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Nia-Chrom Side Effects

No side effects or overdoses have been reported for chromium. However, check with your health care professional if you notice any unusual effects while you are taking it.

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Nia-Chrom resources

• Nia-Chrom Side Effects (in more detail)
• Nia-Chrom Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Nia-Chrom Drug Interactions
• Nia-Chrom Support Group
• 4 Reviews for Nia-Chrom - Add your own review/rating

Compare Nia-Chrom with other medications

• Diabetes, Type 2
• Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation and Deficiency

Toviaz

Generic Name: fesoterodine (FES oh TER oh deen)

Brand Names: Toviaz

What is fesoterodine?

Fesoterodine reduces spasms of the bladder muscles.

Fesoterodine is used to treat overactive bladder with symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence.

Fesoterodine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about fesoterodine?

You should not take this medication if you are allergic to fesoterodine or tolterodine (Detrol), if you have uncontrolled glaucoma, or if you have a blockage of the urinary tract, stomach, or intestines.

Before you take fesoterodine, tell your doctor if you have glaucoma, urination problems, liver or kidney disease, myasthenia gravis, or severe constipation.

Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow it whole. Breaking or opening the pill may cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. Fesoterodine may cause blurred vision or impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert and able to see clearly.

Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Fesoterodine can decrease perspiration and you may be more prone to heat stroke.

Drinking alcohol can increase certain side effects of fesoterodine. There are many other drugs that can interact with fesoterodine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over the counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking fesoterodine?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to fesoterodine or tolterodine (Detrol), or if you have:

• 
  

  a blockage of the urinary tract (difficulty urinating);

  
  


• 
  

  a blockage in your stomach or intestines; or

  
  


• 
  

  untreated or uncontrolled glaucoma.

  
  

To make sure you can safely take fesoterodine, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:

• 
  

  glaucoma;

  
  


• liver disease;


• kidney disease;


• 
  

  urination problems;

  
  


• 
  

  myasthenia gravis; or

  
  


• 
  

  severe constipation.

  
  

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether fesoterodine will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether fesoterodine passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Fesoterodine is not for use in children. Adults who are 75 years or older may be more likely to have side effects from this medication.

How should I take fesoterodine?

Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Take this medication with water. Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow it whole. Breaking or opening the pill may cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

See also: Toviaz dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include dry mouth, blurred vision, and fast heartbeat.

What should I avoid while taking fesoterodine?

Fesoterodine may cause blurred vision or impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert and able to see clearly.

Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Fesoterodine can decrease perspiration and you may be more prone to heat stroke.

Drinking alcohol can increase certain side effects of fesoterodine.

Fesoterodine side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using fesoterodine and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

• 
  

  chest pain, fast or uneven heart rate;

  
  


• 
  

  swelling of your hands or feet;

  
  


• 
  

  urinating less than usual or not at all; or

  
  


• 
  

  painful or difficult urination.

  
  

Less serious side effects may include:

• 
  

  dry mouth, dry eyes;

  
  


• 
  

  blurred vision;

  
  


• 
  

  dizziness, drowsiness;

  
  


• 
  

  constipation;

  
  


• 
  

  stomach pain or upset;

  
  


• 
  

  cough, dry throat;

  
  


• 
  

  back pain; or

  
  


• 
  

  sleep problems (insomnia).

  
  

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect fesoterodine?

Many drugs can interact with fesoterodine. Below is just a partial list. Tell your doctor if you are using:

• 
  

  arsenic trioxide (Trisenox);

  
  


• 
  

  conivaptan (Vaprisol);

  
  


• 
  

  an antibiotic such as clarithromycin (Biaxin), levofloxacin (Levaquin), moxifloxacin (Avelox), pentamidine (NebuPent, Pentam), or telithromycin (Ketek);

  
  


• 
  

  antifungal medication such as itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), or miconazole (Oravig);

  
  


• 
  

  an antidepressant such as amitriptylline (Elavil, Vanatrip, Limbitrol), clomipramine (Anafranil), desipramine (Norpramin), nefazodone, paroxetine (Paxil), or sertraline (Zoloft);

  
  


• 
  

  anti-malaria medications such as chloroquine (Aralen) or mefloquine (Lariam);

  
  


• 
  

  heart rhythm medicine such as amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone), dofetilide (Tikosyn), disopyramide (Norpace), ibutilide (Corvert), procainamide (Procan, Pronestyl), propafenone (Rythmol), quinidine (Quin-G), or sotalol (Betapace);

  
  


• 
  

  HIV/AIDS medicine such as atazanavir (Reyataz), delavirdine (Rescriptor), indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), or ritonavir (Norvir, Kaletra);

  
  


• 
  

  medicine to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting, such as dolasetron (Anzemet), droperidol (Inapsine), or ondansetron (Zofran);

  
  


• 
  

  medicines to treat psychiatric disorders, such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), clozapine (FazaClo, Clozaril), haloperidol (Haldol), pimozide (Orap), thioridazine (Mellaril), or ziprasidone (Geodon);

  
  


• 
  

  migraine headache medicine such as sumatriptan (Imitrex, Treximet) or zolmitriptan (Zomig); or

  
  


• 
  

  narcotic medication such as methadone (Methadose, Diskets, Dolophine).

  
  

This list is not complete and there are many other medicines that can interact with fesoterodine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over the counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.

More Toviaz resources

• Toviaz Side Effects (in more detail)
• Toviaz Dosage
• Toviaz Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Toviaz Drug Interactions
• Toviaz Support Group
• 18 Reviews for Toviaz - Add your own review/rating

• Toviaz Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Toviaz Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Toviaz Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Toviaz MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Toviaz Consumer Overview

Compare Toviaz with other medications

• Overactive Bladder
• Urinary Incontinence

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about fesoterodine.

See also: Toviaz side effects (in more detail)

Ketotifen Fumarate

Class: Antiallergic Agents
ATC Class: S01GX08
VA Class: OP900
Chemical Name: 10H-Benzo(4,5)cyclohepta(1,2-b)thiophen-10-one,4,9-dihydro-4-(1-methyl-4-piperidinylidene)
Molecular Formula: C₁₉H₁₉NOS
CAS Number: 34580-13-7
Brands: Zaditor

Introduction

Relatively selective histamine H₁-receptor antagonist and mast-cell stabilizer.¹

Uses for Ketotifen Fumarate

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Self-medication for temporary relief of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis (i.e., conjunctivitis due to pollen, grass, ragweed, or animal hair or dander).^{6 7}

Ketotifen Fumarate Dosage and Administration

Administration

Ophthalmic Administration

Apply topically to the eye as an ophthalmic solution.^{6 7}

Dosage

Available as ketotifen fumarate; dosage expressed in terms of ketotifen.^{6 7}

Pediatric Patients

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Ophthalmic

One drop of a 0.025% solution in the affected eye(s) twice daily (at an interval of 8–12 hours) for those ≥3 years of age.^{6 7}

Adults

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Ophthalmic

One drop of a 0.025% solution in the affected eye(s) twice daily (at an interval of 8–12 hours).^{6 7}

Prescribing Limits

Pediatric Patients

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Ophthalmic

Do not administer more frequently than twice daily.^{6 7}

Adults

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Ophthalmic

Do not administer more frequently than twice daily.^{6 7}

Cautions for Ketotifen Fumarate

Contraindications

• 
  

  Known hypersensitivity to ketotifen or any ingredient in the formulation.^{6 7}

  
  

Warnings/Precautions

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category C.¹

Lactation

Distributed into milk in rats following oral administration.¹ Cautious use is recommended.¹

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy not established in children <3 years of age.^{6 7}

Should not be used in children <3 years of age unless otherwise directed by a clinician.^{6 7}

Common Adverse Effects

Conjunctival injection, headaches, rhinitis.¹ Some events may be related to the underlying ocular disease.¹

Ketotifen Fumarate Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Minimally absorbed following topical application to the eye.¹

Onset

Within minutes after topical application to the eye.¹

Stability

Storage

Ophthalmic

Solution

4–25°C.^{6 7}

Do not use if solution changes color or becomes cloudy.^{6 7}

ActionsActions

• 
  

  Suppresses the release of mediators from cells involved in hypersensitivity reactions and decreases chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils.¹

  
  

Advice to Patients

• 
  

  Importance of learning and adhering to proper administration techniques to avoid contamination of the product.^{6 7}

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of delaying insertion of contact lenses for at least 10 minutes after ketotifen instillation to prevent absorption of benzalkonium chloride by contact lenses.^{1 6 7}

  
  


• 
  

  Not indicated for contact lens-related irritation.^{6 7}

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of reporting new-onset eye pain or discomfort, visual disturbances, eye redness, worsening of itching, or itching lasting >72 hours.^{6 7}

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of seeking quick medical attention if preparation is ingested orally.^{6 7}

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.¹

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any other concomitant illnesses.^{6 7}

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of informing patient of other important precautionary information.^{6 7} (See Cautions.)

  
  

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Ketotifen Fumarate

Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Ophthalmic	Solution	0.025% (of ketotifen)	Alaway (with benzalkonium chloride)	Bausch & Lomb
			Zaditor (with benzalkonium chloride)	Novartis

Comparative Pricing

This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 03/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.

Alaway 0.025% Solution (BAUSCH &amp; LOMB CONS): 10/$18.99 or 30/$35.97

Zaditor 0.025% Solution (NOVARTIS): 5/$25.99 or 15/$49.97

Disclaimer

This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.

AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions March 2008. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

References

1. Novartis Opthalmics. Zaditor (ketotifen fumarate) ophthalmic solution prescribing information. Duluth, GA; 2002 Oct.

2. Ciprandi G, Buscaglia S, Cerqueti PM et al. Drug treatment of allergic conjunctivitis: a review of the evidence. Drugs. 1992; 43:154-76. [IDIS 360840] [PubMed 1372215]

3. Morrow GL, Abbott RL. Conjunctivitis. Am Fam Physician. 1998; 57:735-46. [IDIS 418448] [PubMed 9490996]

4. Titi MJ. A critical look at ocular allergy drugs. Am Fam Physician. 1996; 53:2637-42. [IDIS 367250] [PubMed 8644576]

5. Galindez OA, Kaufman HE. Coping with the itchy-burnies: the management of allergic conjunctivitis. Ophthalmology. 1996; 103:1335-6. [IDIS 373485] [PubMed 8841290]

6. Novartis. Zaditor (ketotifen fumarate) drug facts. 2007. From Zaditor website (). Accessed 2007 Sep 26.

7. Bausch & Lomb. Alaway (ketotifen fumarate ) ophthalmic solution 0.025%: antihistamine eye drops. From Bausch & Lomb website (). Accessed 2007 Sep 27.

More Ketotifen Fumarate resources

• Ketotifen Fumarate Side Effects (in more detail)
• Ketotifen Fumarate Dosage
• Ketotifen Fumarate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Ketotifen Fumarate Support Group
• 4 Reviews for Ketotifen Fumarate - Add your own review/rating

Compare Ketotifen Fumarate with other medications

• Conjunctivitis, Allergic

Aquasol A

Generic Name: vitamin a (Oral route, Intramuscular route)

VYE-ta-min A

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Aquasol A


• Palmitate-A

Available Dosage Forms:

• Capsule, Liquid Filled


• Capsule


• Tablet


• Liquid


• Solution


• Tablet, Chewable

Therapeutic Class: Nutritive Agent

Pharmacologic Class: Vitamin A (class)

Uses For Aquasol A

Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat. Vitamin A is needed for night vision and for growth of skin, bones, and male and female reproductive organs. In pregnant women vitamin A is necessary for the growth of a healthy fetus.

Lack of vitamin A may lead to a rare condition called night blindness (problems seeing in the dark), as well as dry eyes, eye infections, skin problems, and slowed growth. Your health care professional may treat these problems by prescribing vitamin A for you.

Some conditions may increase your need for vitamin A. These include:

• Diarrhea


• Eye diseases


• Intestine diseases


• Infections (continuing or chronic)


• Measles


• Pancreas disease


• Stomach removal


• Stress (continuing)

In addition, infants receiving unfortified formula may need vitamin A supplements.

Vitamin A absorption will be decreased in any condition in which fat is poorly absorbed.

Increased need for vitamin A should be determined by your health care professional.

Claims that vitamin A is effective for treatment of conditions such as acne or lung diseases, or for treatment of eye problems, wounds, or dry or wrinkled skin not caused by lack of vitamin A have not been proven. Although vitamin A is being used to prevent certain types of cancer, some experts feel there is not enough information to show that this is effective, particularly in well-nourished individuals.

Injectable vitamin A is given by or under the supervision of a health care professional. Other forms of vitamin A are available without a prescription.

Importance of Diet

For good health, it is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet. Follow carefully any diet program your health care professional may recommend. For your specific dietary vitamin and/or mineral needs, ask your health care professional for a list of appropriate foods. If you think that you are not getting enough vitamins and/or minerals in your diet, you may choose to take a dietary supplement.

Vitamin A is found in various foods including yellow-orange fruits and vegetables; dark green, leafy vegetables; vitamin A-fortified milk; liver; and margarine. Vitamin A comes in two different forms, retinols and beta-carotene. Retinols are found in foods that come from animals (meat, milk, eggs). The form of vitamin A found in plants is called beta-carotene (which is converted to vitamin A in the body). Food processing may destroy some of the vitamins. For example, freezing may reduce the amount of vitamin A in foods.

Vitamins alone will not take the place of a good diet and will not provide energy. Your body needs other substances found in food, such as protein, minerals, carbohydrates, and fat. Vitamins themselves often cannot work without the presence of other foods. For example, small amounts of fat are needed so that vitamin A can be absorbed into the body.

The daily amount of vitamin A needed is defined in several different ways.

• For U.S.—


• Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are the amount of vitamins and minerals needed to provide for adequate nutrition in most healthy persons. RDAs for a given nutrient may vary depending on a person's age, sex, and physical condition (e.g., pregnancy).


• Daily Values (DVs) are used on food and dietary supplement labels to indicate the percent of the recommended daily amount of each nutrient that a serving provides. DV replaces the previous designation of United States Recommended Daily Allowances (USRDAs).


• Normal daily recommended intakes in the United States for vitamin A are generally defined according to age or condition and to the form of vitamin A as follows:

Age or Condition	Form of Vitamin A
	RE or mcg of Retinol	Amount in Units as Retinol	Amount in Units as a Combination of Retinol and Beta-carotene
Infants and children Birth to 3 years	375–400	1250–1330	1875–2000
4 to 6 years	500	1665	2500
7 to 10 years	700	2330	3500
Teenage and adult males	1000	3330	5000
Teenage and adult females	800	2665	4000
Pregnant females	800	2665	4000
Breast-feeding females	1200–1300	4000–4330	6000–6500

Note: Based on 1980 U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin A in the diet that is a combination of retinol and beta-carotene.

• For Canada—


• Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) are used to determine the amounts of vitamins, minerals, and protein needed to provide adequate nutrition and lessen the risk of chronic disease.


• Normal daily recommended intakes in Canada for vitamin A are generally defined according to age or condition and to the form of vitamin A as follows:

Age or Condition	Form of Vitamin A
	RE or mcg of Retinol	Amount in Units as Retinol	Amount in Units as a Combination of Retinol and Beta-carotene
Infants and children Birth to 3 years	400	1330	2000
4 to 6 years	500	1665	2330
7 to 10 years	700–800	2330–2665	3500
Teenage and adult males	1000	3330	5000
Teenage and adult females	800	2665	4000
Pregnant females	900	2665–3000	4000–4500
Breast-feeding females	1200	4000	6000

Note: Based on 1980 U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin A in the diet that is a combination of retinol and beta-carotene.

In the past, the RDA and RNI for vitamin A have been expressed in Units. This term Units has been replaced by retinol equivalents (RE) or micrograms (mcg) of retinol, with 1 RE equal to 1 mcg of retinol. This was done to better describe the two forms of vitamin A, retinol and beta-carotene. One RE of vitamin A is equal to 3.33 Units of retinol and 10 Units of beta-carotene. Some products available have not changed their labels and continue to be labeled in Units.

Before Using Aquasol A

If you are taking this dietary supplement without a prescription, carefully read and follow any precautions on the label. For this supplement, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Problems in children have not been reported with intake of normal daily recommended amounts. However, side effects from high doses and/or prolonged use of vitamin A are more likely to occur in young children than adults.

Geriatric

Problems in older adults have not been reported with intake of normal daily recommended amounts. However, some studies have shown that the elderly may be at risk of high blood levels of vitamin A with long-term use.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	X	Studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. This drug should not be used in women who are or may become pregnant because the risk clearly outweighs any possible benefit.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving this dietary supplement, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this dietary supplement with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Abciximab


• Acenocoumarol


• Ancrod


• Anisindione


• Antithrombin III Human


• Argatroban


• Bexarotene


• Bivalirudin


• Clopidogrel


• Danaparoid


• Defibrotide


• Dermatan Sulfate


• Desirudin


• Dicumarol


• Eptifibatide


• Fondaparinux


• Heparin


• Lamifiban


• Minocycline


• Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium


• Phenindione


• Phenprocoumon


• Sibrafiban


• Tirofiban


• Warfarin


• Xemilofiban

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this dietary supplement. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Alcohol abuse (or history of) or


• Liver disease—Vitamin A use may make liver problems worse

• Kidney disease—May cause high blood levels of vitamin A, which may increase the chance of side effects

Proper Use of vitamin a

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain vitamin a. It may not be specific to Aquasol A. Please read with care.

If you miss taking a vitamin for one or more days there is no cause for concern, since it takes some time for your body to become seriously low in vitamins. However, if your health care professional has recommended that you take this vitamin, try to remember to take it as directed every day.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For oral dosage form (capsules, tablets, oral solution):
  
  • To prevent deficiency, the amount taken by mouth is based on normal daily recommended intakes:
    
    • For the U.S.
    
    
    • Adult and teenage males—1000 retinol equivalents (RE) (3330 Units of retinol or 5000 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Adult and teenage females—800 RE (2665 Units of retinol or 4000 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Pregnant females—800 RE (2665 Units of retinol or 4000 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Breast-feeding females—1200 to 1300 RE (4000 to 4330 Units of retinol or 6000 to 6500 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Children 7 to 10 years of age—700 RE (2330 Units of retinol or 3500 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Children 4 to 6 years of age—500 RE (1665 Units of retinol or 2500 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Children birth to 3 years of age—375 to 400 RE (1250 to 1330 Units of retinol or 1875 to 2000 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • For Canada
    
    
    • Adult and teenage males—1000 RE (3330 Units of retinol or 5000 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Adult and teenage females—800 RE (2665 Units of retinol or 4000 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Pregnant females—900 RE (2665 to 3000 Units of retinol or 4000 to 4500 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Breast-feeding females—1200 RE (4000 Units of retinol or 6000 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Children 7 to 10 years of age—700 to 800 RE (2330 to 2665 Units of retinol or 3500 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Children 4 to 6 years of age—500 RE (1665 Units of retinol or 2500 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
    • Children birth to 3 years of age—400 RE (1330 Units or 2000 Units as a combination of retinol and beta-carotene) per day.
    
    
  
  
  • To treat deficiency:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—Treatment dose is determined by prescriber for each individual based on severity of deficiency. The following dose has been determined for xerophthalmia (eye disease): Oral, 7500 to 15,000 RE (25,000 to 50,000 Units) a day.
    
    
    • Children—Treatment dose is determined by prescriber for each individual based of severity of deficiency. The following doses have been determined:
      
      • For measles—
        
        • Children 6 months to 1 year of age: Oral, 30,000 RE (100,000 Units) as a single dose.
        
        
        • For children 1 year of age and older: Oral, 60,000 RE (200,000 Units) as a single dose.
        
        
      
      
      • Xerophthalmia (eye disease)—
        
        • Children 6 months to 1 year of age: Oral, 30,000 RE (100,000 Units) as a single dose, the same dose being repeated the next day and again at 4 weeks.
        
        
        • Children 1 year of age and older: Oral, 60,000 RE (200,000 Units) as a single dose, the same dose being repeated the next day and again at 4 weeks.
        
        
        
        Note: Vitamin A is used in measles and xerophthalmia only when vitamin A deficiency is a problem as determined by your health care professional. Vitamin A deficiency occurs in malnutrition or in certain disease states.
      
      
    
    
  
  

For individuals taking the oral liquid form of vitamin A:

• This preparation is to be taken by mouth even though it comes in a dropper bottle.


• This dietary supplement may be dropped directly into the mouth or mixed with cereal, fruit juice, or other food.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using Aquasol A

Vitamin A is stored in the body; therefore, when you take more than the body needs, it will build up in the body. This may lead to poisoning and even death. Problems are more likely to occur in:

• Adults taking 7500 RE (25,000 Units) a day for 8 months in a row, or 450,000 RE (1,500,000 Units) all at once; or


• Children taking 5400 RE (18,000 Units) to 15,000 RE (50,000 Units) a day for several months in a row, or 22,500 RE (75,000 Units) to 105,100 RE (350,000 Units) all at once.


• Pregnant women taking more than 1800 RE (6000 Units) a day.

Remember that the total amount of vitamin A you get every day includes what you get from foods that you eat and what you take as a supplement.

High doses and/or prolonged use of vitamin A may cause bleeding from the gums; dry or sore mouth; or drying, cracking, or peeling of the lips.

Aquasol A Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

• Bleeding from gums or sore mouth


• bulging soft spot on head (in babies)


• confusion or unusual excitement


• diarrhea


• dizziness or drowsiness


• double vision


• headache (severe)


• irritability (severe)


• peeling of skin, especially on lips and palms


• vomiting (severe)

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

• Bone or joint pain


• convulsions (seizures)


• drying or cracking of skin or lips


• dry mouth


• fever


• general feeling of discomfort or illness or weakness


• headache


• increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight


• increase in frequency of urination, especially at night, or in amount of urine


• irritability


• loss of appetite


• loss of hair


• stomach pain


• unusual tiredness


• vomiting


• yellow-orange patches on soles of feet, palms of hands, or skin around nose and lips

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Aquasol A side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Aquasol A resources

• Aquasol A Side Effects (in more detail)
• Aquasol A Drug Interactions
• Aquasol A Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Aquasol A - Add your own review/rating

• Aquasol A Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Aquasol A Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)


• Aquasol A Monograph (AHFS DI)

Compare Aquasol A with other medications

• Vitamin A Deficiency

Lioresal

baclofen

Dosage Form: Tablets

C98-22 (Rev. 4/98)

667794

   Lioresal®

   baclofen USP

   Tablets

   10 mg

   20 mg

   Muscle Relaxant, Antispastic

   Rx only

   Prescribing Information

Lioresal Description

Lioresal, baclofen USP, is a muscle relaxant and antispastic, available as 10-mg and 20-mg tablets for oral administration. Its chemical name is 4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)- butanoic acid, and its structural formula is

Baclofen USP is a white to off-white, odorless or practically odorless crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 213.66. It is slightly soluble in water, very slightly soluble in methanol, and insoluble in chloroform.

Inactive Ingredients. Cellulose compounds, magnesium stearate, povidone, and starch.

ACTIONS

The precise mechanism of action of Lioresal is not fully known. Lioresal is capable of inhibiting both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal level, possibly by hyperpolarization of afferent terminals, although actions at supraspinal sites may also occur and contribute to its clinical effect. Although Lioresal is an analog of the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), there is no conclusive evidence that actions on GABA systems are involved in the production of its clinical effects. In studies with animals, Lioresal has been shown to have general CNS depressant properties as indicated by the production of sedation with tolerance, somnolence, ataxia, and respiratory and cardiovascular depression. Lioresal is rapidly and extensively absorbed and eliminated. Absorption may be dose-dependent, being reduced with increasing doses. Lioresal is excreted primarily by the kidney in unchanged form and there is relatively large intersubject variation in absorption and/or elimination.

INDICATIONS

Lioresal is useful for the alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, particularly for the relief of flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus, and muscular rigidity.

Patients should have reversible spasticity so that Lioresal treatment will aid in restoring residual function.

Lioresal may also be of some value in patients with spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases.

Lioresal is not indicated in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders.

The efficacy of Lioresal in stroke, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson’s disease has not been established and, therefore, it is not recommended for these conditions.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to baclofen.

Warnings

a.   Abrupt Drug Withdrawal:

Hallucinations and seizures have occurred on abrupt withdrawal of Lioresal. Therefore, except for serious adverse reactions, the dose should be reduced slowly when the drug is discontinued.

b.   Impaired Renal Function:

Because Lioresal is primarily excreted unchanged through the kidneys, it should be given with caution, and it may be necessary to reduce the dosage.

c.   Stroke:

Lioresal has not significantly benefited patients with stroke. These patients have also shown poor tolerability to the drug.

d.   Pregnancy:

Lioresal has been shown to increase the incidence of omphaloceles (ventral hernias) in fetuses of rats given approximately 13 times the maximum dose recommended for human use, at a dose which caused significant reductions in food intake and weight gain in dams. This abnormality was not seen in mice or rabbits. There was also an increased incidence of incomplete sternebral ossification in fetuses of rats given approximately 13 times the maximum recommended human dose, and an increased incidence of unossified phalangeal nuclei of forelimbs and hindlimbs in fetuses of rabbits given approximately 7 times the maximum recommended human dose. In mice, no teratogenic effects were observed, although reductions in mean fetal weight with consequent delays in skeletal ossification were present when dams were given 17 or 34 times the human daily dose. There are no studies in pregnant women. Lioresal should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit clearly justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Precautions

Because of the possibility of sedation, patients should be cautioned regarding the operation of automobiles or other dangerous machinery, and activities made hazardous by decreased alertness. Patients should also be cautioned that the central nervous system effects of Lioresal may be additive to those of alcohol and other CNS depressants.

Lioresal should be used with caution where spasticity is utilized to sustain upright posture and balance in locomotion or whenever spasticity is utilized to obtain increased function.

In patients with epilepsy, the clinical state and electroencephalogram should be monitored at regular intervals, since deterioration in seizure control and EEG have been reported occasionally in patients taking Lioresal.

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. As a general rule, nursing should not be undertaken while a patient is on a drug since many drugs are excreted in human milk.

A dose-related increase in incidence of ovarian cysts and a less marked increase in enlarged and/or hemorrhagic adrenal glands was observed in female rats treated chronically with Lioresal.

Ovarian cysts have been found by palpation in about 4% of the multiple sclerosis patients that were treated with Lioresal for up to one year. In most cases these cysts disappeared spontaneously while patients continued to receive the drug. Ovarian cysts are estimated to occur spontaneously in approximately 1% to 5% of the normal female population.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 12 years have not been established.

Adverse Reactions

The most common is transient drowsiness (10%-63%). In one controlled study of 175 patients, transient drowsiness was observed in 63% of those receiving Lioresal compared to 36% of those in the placebo group. Other common adverse reactions are dizziness (5%-15%), weakness (5%-15%) and fatigue (2%-4%). Others reported:

Neuropsychiatric:

Confusion (1%-11%), headache (4%-8%), insomnia (2%-7%); and, rarely, euphoria, excitement, depression, hallucinations, paresthesia, muscle pain, tinnitus, slurred speech, coordination disorder, tremor, rigidity, dystonia, ataxia, blurred vision, nystagmus, strabismus, miosis, mydriasis, diplopia, dysarthria, epileptic seizure.

Cardiovascular:

Hypotension (0%-9%). Rare instances of dyspnea, palpitation, chest pain, syncope.

Gastrointestinal:

Nausea (4%-12%), constipation (2%-6%); and, rarely, dry mouth, anorexia, taste disorder, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and positive test for occult blood in stool.

Genitourinary:

Urinary frequency (2%-6%); and, rarely, enuresis, urinary retention, dysuria, impotence, inability to ejaculate, nocturia, hematuria.

Other:

Instances of rash, pruritus, ankle edema, excessive perspiration, weight gain, nasal congestion. Some of the CNS and genitourinary symptoms may be related to the underlying disease rather than to drug therapy.

The following laboratory tests have been found to be abnormal in a few patients receiving Lioresal: increased SGOT, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and elevation of blood sugar.

Overdosage

Signs and Symptoms:

Vomiting, muscular hypotonia, drowsiness, accommodation disorders, coma, respiratory depression, and seizures.

Treatment:

In the alert patient, empty the stomach promptly by induced emesis followed by lavage. In the obtunded patient, secure the airway with a cuffed endotracheal tube before beginning lavage (do not induce emesis). Maintain adequate respiratory exchange, do not use respiratory stimulants.

Lioresal Dosage and Administration

The determination of optimal dosage requires individual titration. Start therapy at a low dosage and increase gradually until optimum effect is achieved (usually between 40-80 mg daily).

The following dosage titration schedule is suggested:

5 mg t.i.d. for 3 days

10 mg t.i.d. for 3 days

15 mg t.i.d. for 3 days

20 mg t.i.d. for 3 days

Thereafter additional increases may be necessary but the total daily dose should not exceed a maximum of 80 mg daily (20 mg q.i.d.).

The lowest dose compatible with an optimal response is recommended. If benefits are not evident after a reasonable trial period, patients should be slowly withdrawn from the drug (see WARNINGS Abrupt Drug Withdrawal).

How is Lioresal Supplied

Tablets 10 mg – oval, white, scored (imprinted Lioresal on one side and 10 twice on the scored side)

   Bottles of 100………………………………………………….NDC 0028-0023-01

   Unit Dose (blister pack)

   Box of 100 (strips of 10)………………………………………NDC 0028-0023-61

Tablets 20 mg – capsule - shaped, white, scored (imprinted Lioresal on one side and 20 twice on the scored side)

   Bottles of 100………………………………………………….NDC 0028-0033-01

   Unit Dose (blister pack)

   Box of 100 (strips of 10)………………………………………NDC 0028-0033-61

Do not store above 30ºC (86ºF). Dispense in tight container (USP).

667794                           C98 - 22 (Rev. 4/98)

Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

East Hanover, New Jersey 07936

©1998 Novartis

Lioresal  baclofen  tablet

Product Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG NDC Product Code (Source) 0028-0023 Route of Administration ORAL DEA Schedule

INGREDIENTS Name (Active Moiety) Type Strength baclofen (baclofen) Active 10 MILLIGRAM  In 1 TABLET Cellulose compounds Inactive   magnesium stearate Inactive   povidone Inactive   starch Inactive

Product Characteristics Color WHITE (white) Score 2 pieces Shape OVAL (Oval) Size 11mm Flavor Imprint Code Lioresal;10;10 Contains          Coating false Symbol false

Packaging # NDC Package Description Multilevel Packaging 1 100 TABLET In 1 BLISTER PACK None 2 0028-0023-01 100 TABLET In 1 BOTTLE None

Lioresal  baclofen  tablet

Product Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG NDC Product Code (Source) 0028-0033 Route of Administration ORAL DEA Schedule

INGREDIENTS Name (Active Moiety) Type Strength baclofen (baclofen) Active 20 MILLIGRAM  In 1 TABLET Cellulose compounds Inactive   magnesium stearate Inactive   povidone Inactive   starch Inactive

Product Characteristics Color WHITE (white) Score 2 pieces Shape OVAL (Capsule shaped) Size 16mm Flavor Imprint Code Lioresal;20;20 Contains          Coating false Symbol false

Packaging # NDC Package Description Multilevel Packaging 1 100 TABLET In 1 BLISTER PACK None 2 0028-0033-01 100 TABLET In 1 BOTTLE None

Revised: 04/2006Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation

More Lioresal resources

• Lioresal Side Effects (in more detail)
• Lioresal Dosage
• Lioresal Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Lioresal Drug Interactions
• Lioresal Support Group
• 5 Reviews for Lioresal - Add your own review/rating

• Lioresal Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Lioresal MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Lioresal Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Baclofen Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Gablofen Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Gablofen Consumer Overview

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• Alcohol Withdrawal
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• Cervical Dystonia
• Dystonia
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• Huntington's Disease
• Migraine Prevention
• Muscle Spasm
• Muscle Twitching
• Neuralgia
• Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
• Spasticity
• Trigeminal Neuralgia

Clarinex Syrup

Pronunciation: DES-lor-A-ta-deen
Generic Name: Desloratadine
Brand Name: Clarinex

Clarinex Syrup is used for:

Treating allergy symptoms and chronic hives. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Clarinex Syrup is an antihistamine. It works by blocking the action of histamine to relieve allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy or watery eyes, and to relieve itching and rash due to chronic hives.

Do NOT use Clarinex Syrup if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Clarinex Syrup or to loratadine

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Clarinex Syrup:

Some medical conditions may interact with Clarinex Syrup. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have kidney or liver problems

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Clarinex Syrup. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Amiodarone because the risk of fast or irregular heartbeat may be increased


• Other antihistamines (eg, diphenhydramine), azithromycin, cimetidine, erythromycin, fluoxetine, or ketoconazole because they may increase the risk of Clarinex Syrup's side effects

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Clarinex Syrup may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Clarinex Syrup:

Use Clarinex Syrup as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• An extra patient leaflet is available with Clarinex Syrup. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.


• Take Clarinex Syrup by mouth with or without food.


• Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure your dose.


• If you miss a dose of Clarinex Syrup and you are taking it regularly, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Clarinex Syrup.

Important safety information:

• Clarinex Syrup may cause drowsiness or dizziness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Clarinex Syrup with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.


• Do not change your dose or take Clarinex Syrup more often than prescribed without checking with your doctor. Drowsiness may occur if you take more of Clarinex Syrup than prescribed.


• Clarinex Syrup may interfere with skin allergy tests. If you are scheduled for a skin test, talk to your doctor. You may need to stop taking Clarinex Syrup for a few days before the tests.


• Clarinex Syrup should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 6 months old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Clarinex Syrup while you are pregnant. Clarinex Syrup is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Clarinex Syrup.

Possible side effects of Clarinex Syrup:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Cough; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; increased or decreased appetite; nausea; nosebleed; sore throat; trouble sleeping; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, throat, or tongue); dark urine; ear pain or discharge; fast or irregular heartbeat; fever, chills, or sore throat; mental or mood changes; pale stools; seizures; severe or persistent cough; severe or persistent nosebleed; yellowing of the skin or eyes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Clarinex side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include drowsiness; fast or irregular heartbeat.

Proper storage of Clarinex Syrup:

Store Clarinex Syrup at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Clarinex Syrup out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Clarinex Syrup, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Clarinex Syrup is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Clarinex Syrup. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Clarinex resources

• Clarinex Side Effects (in more detail)
• Clarinex Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Clarinex Drug Interactions
• Clarinex Support Group
• 5 Reviews for Clarinex - Add your own review/rating

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• Hay Fever
• Urticaria

Colony stimulating factors

A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Colony stimulating factors are glycoproteins that promote production of white blood cells (mainly granulocytes such as neutrophils), in response to infection. Administration of exogenous colony stimulating factors stimulates the stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more of the particular white blood cells. The new white blood cells migrate into the blood and fight the infection.

Colony stimulating factors are used in patients who are undergoing cancer treatment that causes low white blood cell counts (neutropenia) and puts the patient at risk of infection. Colony stimulating factors tend to reduce the time where patients are neutropenic.

See also

Medical conditions associated with colony stimulating factors:

• Aplastic Anemia
• Bone Marrow Transplantation
• Bone Marrow Transplantation, Failure or Engraftment Delay
• Bone Marrow Transplantation, Myeloid Reconstruction
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome
• Neutropenia
• Neutropenia Associated with AIDS or Zidovudine
• Neutropenia Associated with Chemotherapy
• Peripheral Progenitor Cell Transplantation
• Sepsis

Drug List:

Neulasta

Neupogen

Leukine

Zovirax Suspension

Pronunciation: ay-SYE-kloe-vir
Generic Name: Acyclovir
Brand Name: Zovirax

Zovirax Suspension is used for:

Treating shingles or chickenpox, or treating or suppressing genital herpes. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Zovirax Suspension is an antiviral. It works by preventing the herpes virus from reproducing. Acyclovir does not eliminate the virus and is not a cure. It does not prevent transmission of the virus to others.

Do NOT use Zovirax Suspension if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Zovirax Suspension or to valacyclovir

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Zovirax Suspension:

Some medical conditions may interact with Zovirax Suspension. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have kidney problems or a weakened immune system


• if you are receiving hemodialysis

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Zovirax Suspension. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Medicines that may harm the kidney (eg, aminoglycoside antibiotics [eg, gentamicin], amphotericin B, cyclosporine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] [eg, ibuprofen], tacrolimus, vancomycin) because the risk of kidney side effects may be increased. Ask your doctor if you are unsure if any of your medicines might harm the kidney

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Zovirax Suspension may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Zovirax Suspension:

Use Zovirax Suspension as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Take Zovirax Suspension by mouth with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, take with food to reduce stomach irritation.


• Shake well before each use.


• Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure your dose.


• Drinking extra fluids while you are taking Zovirax Suspension is recommended. Check with your doctor for instructions.


• Start therapy with Zovirax Suspension at the earliest sign or symptom of chickenpox, shingles, or genital herpes (pain, burning, blisters).


• If treating an acute outbreak, continue using Zovirax Suspension for the full course of treatment even if you feel better in a few days.


• If you miss a dose of Zovirax Suspension, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Zovirax Suspension.

Important safety information:

• Zovirax Suspension may cause drowsiness or dizziness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Zovirax Suspension with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.


• Zovirax Suspension may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Zovirax Suspension. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.


• Zovirax Suspension is not a cure for genital herpes and will not prevent the virus from spreading. Avoid sexual intercourse when sores are present to prevent infecting your partner. You can also be contagious and spread the herpes virus but not have any signs or symptoms at all. This is called asymptomatic viral shedding.


• Lab tests, including kidney function, may be performed while you use Zovirax Suspension. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.


• Use Zovirax Suspension with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially confusion, drowsiness, or hallucinations.


• Zovirax Suspension should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 2 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Zovirax Suspension while you are pregnant. Zovirax Suspension is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Zovirax Suspension, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Zovirax Suspension:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; general body discomfort; headache; muscle weakness; nausea; stomach upset; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); aggressive behavior; blood in the urine; confusion; decreased consciousness; decreased urination; easy bruising or bleeding; fever; hallucinations; hoarseness; lower back pain; mania; mental or mood changes; red, swollen, or blistered skin; seizures; swelling of the hands or feet; vision changes; yellowing of the eyes or skin.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Zovirax side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include agitation; loss of consciousness; seizures; tiredness.

Proper storage of Zovirax Suspension:

Store Zovirax Suspension at room temperature, between 59 and 77 degrees F (15 and 25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Zovirax Suspension out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Zovirax Suspension, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Zovirax Suspension is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Zovirax Suspension. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Zovirax resources

• Zovirax Side Effects (in more detail)
• Zovirax Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Zovirax Drug Interactions
• Zovirax Support Group
• 11 Reviews for Zovirax - Add your own review/rating

Compare Zovirax with other medications

• Herpes Simplex
• Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
• Herpes Simplex, Mucocutaneous/Immunocompetent Host
• Herpes Simplex, Mucocutaneous/Immunocompromised Host
• Herpes Simplex, Suppression
• Herpes Zoster
• Varicella-Zoster